景观生态学原理在城市生物多样性保护中的应用探讨——城市园林建设对策

Application of the Principles of Landscape Ecologyto City Bio-diversity Conservation--Countermeasure for City Landscape Build

作为人类聚集中心的城市 ,其生物多样性不仅是城市中人们生存与发展的需要、维护城市生态系统平衡的基础 ,也是城市中人、自然、环境相互协调的重要标志。但随着城市化进程的加剧和人类盲目建设、污染、环境的恶化 ,城市生物区系组成受到破坏 ,城市生物多样性急剧下降 ,影响了城市生态环境的稳定和协调发展。景观生态学作为一门研究景观生物群落与主要环境条件之间错综复杂的因果反馈关系的学科 ,认为在景观生态学上 ,城市是由不同性质、不同功能的景观要素—基质、廊道、斑块构成的景观。因此 ,景观生态学的斑块—廊道—本底 (基质 )理论、景观异质性理论、景观连接度及连通理论对城市生物多样性保护有重要的指导意义。作为城市生物多样性载体的城市园林绿地 。

The city is the living center of the human being. Its bio-diversity is not only the need of the human's living and development, and the base for maintaining the balance of ecosystem, but also the important sign of coordination between the human, nature and surroundings. However, with the intensity of civilization, man's blind construction, pollution and the deterioration of environment, the city biota composition is destroyed and the city bio-diversity decreases sharply, which influences the stability and corrdinated development of eco-environment in cities. Landscape is a subject concerning complicated composition relationship between biome and main environmental conditions. On landscape ecology, a city is a landscape which is composed of landscape elements of different characters and different functions, such as matrix, corridor, and patch. Therefore, landscape ecology, which relates to matrix-corridor-patch model, landscape connectivity and landscape connectedness, is very important to the protection of city bio-diversity. As the medium of city bio-diversity, the city garden can increase city bio-diversity by fully applying the principles of landscape biology in planning and construction.