现代人头骨面部几项非测量性状的观察

OBSERVATIONS OF SOME NON-METRICAL TRAITS IN THE MODERN HUMAN SKULLS

用人类学观察法观察比较了中国云南、华北和欧洲现代人头骨的犬齿窝、颧骨缘突和梨状孔上外侧部膨隆的出现情况 ,以探讨其在人种、群体区分上是否有意义。结果 :(1)在云南头骨 ,犬齿窝、颧骨缘突的出现率无性别差异 ,梨状孔上外侧部骨表面膨隆的出现率男性明显高于女性 ;而在欧洲头骨 ,这 3项非测量性状的出现率男女间无差异。 (2 )上述 3项性状 ,在中国云南和华北头骨 (男性 )的出现率无差异。 (3)犬齿窝、梨状孔上外侧部骨表面膨隆的出现率 ,在现代欧洲人头骨明显高于现代中国人头骨。

This study examined the frequencies of occurence of the canine fossa, the marginal process and the bulging of bone surface between the orbit and the pyriforme orifice in different groups of modern human. These skulls include 75 modern Chinese (50 Yunnan skulls [male 26, female 24], 25 male Northern China skulls) and 26 modern European skulls (male 16, female 10). The results of our observation are presented in the tables of Chinese text. There are English terms in these tables. The conclasion is as follows: 1. There is no sexual difference among the three non metrical traits in the modern Europeans skulls. The frequencies of occurrence of canine fossa and the marginal process show no sexual difference, but the bulging between the orbit and the pyriforme orifice occurs more often in males than females in the Chinese Yunnan skulls. 2. The three traits show no difference between the two groups of the Chinese human skull. 3. The canine fossa and the bulging between the orbit and the pyriforme orifice occur more often in the modern European skulls than in two groups of the Chinese skulls, while the presence of the marginal process differ little in the three groups of the modern human skulls.