雄性麋鹿的吼叫行为、序位等级与成功繁殖

Bellowing,Rank-class and Mating Success in Père David's Deer Stags

为探讨雄性麋鹿 (Elaphurusdavidianus)的吼叫行为与序位等级的关系 ,以及这种关系在成功繁殖中的作用。 2 0 0 0年 7～ 8月 ,在北京麋鹿苑选定 12头成体雄鹿 ,用目标取样法观察记录每头鹿的吼叫、圈群和交配行为的发生频次。用有效比值 [被雌鹿接受的频次 /雄鹿圈群 (或交配 )的总频次 ]来衡量雄鹿圈群行为(或交配行为 )的有效性。依据雄鹿在发情期的表现状态 ,把雄鹿归为 3类 :占有雌鹿群的“群主” (4头 )、未占有雌鹿群而挑战“群主”的“挑战者” (5头 )和远离繁殖群的“单身汉” (3头 )。不同序位等级雄鹿的吼叫频次、圈群 (或交配 )行为频次、圈群行为 (或交配行为 )的有效值存在显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。对吼叫行为的分析表明 :“群主”的吼叫频次最高 ,“单身汉”吼叫频次最低。“群主”的有效值最高 ,“单身汉”的有效值最低。据此认为雄性麋鹿的吼叫行为与其序位等级密切相关 ,而序位等级又决定了雄鹿参与繁殖的机会。此外 ,还记录到占群雄鹿的警戒吼叫 ,这是对Wemmeretal (1983)

We carried out behavioral observations on the Père David's deer ( Elaphurus davidianus ) stags in the Beijing Milu Park to investigate the vocal display and mating success in different social rank classes during rut.The stags were classified into three rank classes according to their rutting behavior:'harem master','challenger' and 'bachelor'.Bellowing,herding and mating were recorded in 12 stags:4 harem masters,5 challengers and 3 bachelors.The effectiveness value ( E ) were defined,that is E = A / T ,to assess the effectiveness of herding or mating attempts made by stags ( T represents the frequency of herding or mating attempts made by stag and A represents the frequency of herding or mating accepted by hinds).Results exhibited that:①Frequency of bellowing,herding or mating showed significantly differences among 'harem masters','challengers' and 'bachelors'( P <0 05).②Effectiveness value of herding also differed significantly among 'harem masters','challengers' and 'bachelors' ( P <0 05).③Effectiveness value of mating was significantly different between harem masters and challengers ( P <0 05).We conclude that bellowing of Père David's deer stags strongly associates with its rank class,and rank class affects the mating success of stag directly.In addition,we recorded another new vocal display pattern in stags-barking,which was only recorded in hinds previously (Wemmer et al ,1983).