南京中山植物园秋冬季鸟类对树木果实的取食作用

Tree Fruits Eaten by Birds in Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen in Autumn and Winter

在南京中山植物园中观察了 1 9种鸟类在秋冬季节对 2 1种树木果实的取食情况。这些树木果实大多数为肉质的核果、梨果、浆果及球果等类型 ,在果熟时通常具有鲜艳的颜色。鸟类取食果实的方式主要有 :①直接在树冠上吞食果实或在树下吞食掉落的果实 ,有时在吞食后将种子呕出 ;②将果实从树上衔走后 ,于停栖处吞食或啄食 ;③磨破果皮 ,仅取食其内的种子。鸟类取食果实虽然对园林树种的观赏性产生了一定的影响 ,但是鸟类通过取食树木果实获得了营养 ,同时也促进了肉质果实中那些种皮坚硬 ,或者包被于坚硬果核中的种子的自然传播。

Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen with steadily diverse habitats and rich food supplies,is inhabited by many different bird species. Nineteen bird species were observed feeding mainly on fruits of twenty-one tree species in the garden during autumn and winter. The tree fruits eaten by birds are mainly of fleshy types such as drupes,pomes, berries or cones.When the fruits getting matured, their colours usually become conspicuously red,black or yellow,which are very attractive to fruit-eating birds. The frugivorous birds handled the fruits by ways of ①ingesting the fruits in or beneath the tree crowns, sometimes regurgitating the seeds soon after; ②picking the fruits up away from the trees, then swallowing it or pecking it at their perching sites; ③crushing the fruit coats, and eat seeds from it. The frugivorous birds can obtain necessary nutrients from the fruits, and promote the dispersal of the seeds of the fleshy fruits enclosed by hard seed coat or by hard endocarp within their habitats.