高寒低氧环境白唇鹿心肌的超微结构

Ultrastructure of the Cardiac Muscle of White-lipped Deer at High Altitude Hypoxic and Cold Environment

本文应用透射电镜技术,对西宁、大通、祁连地区(海拔2 260—3 600米)的白唇鹿右心室心肌进行了电镜观察。结果发现白唇鹿心肌细胞的电镜结构与平原动物的心肌细胞基本相同。只是极少数的心肌细胞超微结构在某种程度上有差异性。较为显著的是白唇鹿心肌细胞的线粒体形态多样,大小不等,排列密集无规律。有细长杆形、圆形、椭圆形、肾形、马蹄形、甚至分支。而长度一般与肌节等长。沿肌丝束呈单行、双行、多行排列,在核旁成群存在。可见肥大线粒体,有2—3个肌节长或达4—5个一般线粒体的长度。横径为一般线粒体的1—2倍。线粒体嵴丰富,多数与线粒体横轴平行排列,也有斜向或指纹状的。线粒体密集和嵴的丰富可增大线粒体的有效面积,保证心肌细胞活动所需的能最,增强机体对低氧环境的耐受性。

White-lipped deer is one Kind of rare animal species in the world. It has the nature to live at the Qinghai-tibetan plateau.In this article we have described the ultruscructure of the cardiac mucle of deers.we used four deers cappured from different districts and their elevation was from 2 260 to 3 600M.we found that the myocardium of the deers was similar to that of the relative species living at low altitude areas. But still there were some differences between them.The prominent cha- racteristics were the features of mitochondria in the myocardial cells and their irregular arrangement,such as the appearance of slender-rod, spherical,ellipsoid and kidney-like mitochondria,oven the branch-shap- ed ones were also soon.The length of the mitochondria was equal to t- hat of the sarcomeres.The myofibrils were arranged in one or two ev- en more rows,and often accumulated near the nucleus.Some huge mit- ochondria could be soon and their length was as 2 to 5 sarcomeres and their width was 1 to 2 times of the sarcomere generally.The number of cristae in the mitochondria was increased and and they were parallel to the width of the mitochondria.The increase of mitochondria in the cells would provide much more energy for the activity of the cell.T- herefore as a result,the function of the animal living at high altitude was improved.