中国农村家庭卫生支出的社会性别分析

Gender Analysis on Household Health Expenditure in Rural Areas of China

自 １９９４年埃及联合国人口发展大会和 １９９５年北京世界妇女大会以来，卫生服务和生育健康服务领域中社会性别问题逐渐得到了关注。在福特基金会和许多国际组织的支持下，我国政府部门和研究机构在中国农村开展了许多改善生育健康服务的研究和项目。通过对以上国际合作项目的设计、数据收集、方法学和发现的回顾和整理研究，发现仅有很少的项目和研究纳入了社会性别的观点。虽然有些研究提到了这一区域中存在的社会性别的基本差异，但在农村家庭卫生支出方面仍缺乏可运作的、系统性的社会性别分析方法，因而研究结果很难被应用于设计一个具有社会性别敏感度、有效的干预项目。把社会性别纳入将来有关农村家庭卫生支出的研究工作并从项目设计、实施到评估的生殖健康项目周期中包含社会性别分析是非常必要的，建议对研究者和项目工作人员给予社会性别培训。

There is an increasing trend of addressing gender issues in health service system and reproductive health delivery system after ICPD.Cairo 1994 and International Women's Conference.Beijing 1995 . A number of studies and projects have been conducted aiming at improving reproductive health in rural areas of China. Based on the experience gained from those studies, researches and project implementation supported by Ford Foundation and other national and international NGOs, this paper reviews recent studies on household health expenditure in rural in China. By examining research design, data collection, methodology and findings of, those studies,the author finds that few studies have taken gender issues into consideration. Though some studies mentioned the basic difference of gender existed in this field, there is still lack of applicable and systematic analysis on household health expenditure, thus the research findings are hard to be made use of in designing an effective intervention with gender sensitivity. It is necessary to guide the future study and provide training to the researchers and projecrt worker on household health expenditure with gender perspective and take it into the cycle of the reproductive health projects, from the project designing, implementation to the evaluation.