白冠长尾雉冬季夜栖行为与夜栖地利用影响因子的研究

ROOSTING BEHAVIOR AND FACTORS AFFECTING ROOST -SITE USED BY REEVE'S PHEASANT (SYRMATICUS REEVESII) IN WINTER

1999年12月至2000年3月，通过野外观察、无线电遥测以及样方调查对河南董寨鸟类自然保护区白冠长尾雉的夜栖行为和冬季夜栖地进行了研究.结果表明，在研究地区针阔混交林和人工针叶林是其冬季夜栖的2种主要植被类型.由于冬季落叶乔木的盖度显著降低，所以白冠长尾雉的夜栖地的使用受到限制，夜栖树种类也主要限于常绿针叶树种.调查显示，冬季白冠长尾雉的夜栖地一般靠近水源、远离林缘，位于山体中上部坡度较大的地方，夜栖树通常高大并且盖度良好.对夜栖地变量进一步分析表明，冬季影响白冠长尾雉夜栖地利用的主要因素依次为：海拔、栖位下方盖度、灌木密度、坡度、栖枝高度、夜栖区乔木的密度和胸径、栖位上方盖度、坡向以及距水源的距离等.白冠长尾雉的夜栖行为受到多种因素的影响，比较重要的有季节、天气和性别因素.为保护白冠长尾雉的夜栖地，保护区应重视人工针叶林的保护.

Roosting behavior and roost-site used by Reeve-s pheasant were studied from December 1999 to March 2000 in Dongzhai Bird Nature Reserve of Henan Province. Surveys show that in the study area, the mixed conifer and broadleaf forest and artificial conifer forest are the two roosting habitats used by Reeve-s pheasant at night in winter. Roosting trees are limited to evergreen coniferous species for low shelter of broadleaf trees in winter. Reeve-s pheasant likes to roost in big trees with good canopy, which often grow in a steep slope near the mountain ridge and approach water resource. Altitude, coverage under roost-site, density of shrubs, slope, roosting height, density of trees, diameter of trees, coverage over roost-site, aspect and distance to water resource are the most important factors for pheasants to select their roost-sites. Since artificial conifer forest is the main roost habitat of Reeve-s pheasant in winter, measurements should be taken to protect it in this nature reserve.