数控机床的运动精度诊断──评述与对策

ERROR MOTION DIAGNOSIS OF NC MACHINE TOOLS, COMMENT AND COUNTERMEASURE

评述了国内外有关数控机床运动精度测试、诊断与补偿方法的研究情况。在硬件方面分析比较了７种方法；在软件方面分析比较了日本垣野、韩国Ｓ．Ｗ．Ｈｏｎｇ、Ｈ．Ｋ．Ｐａｈｋ、中国台湾Ｊ．Ｍ．Ｌａｉ、浙江大学、天津大学等有关运动误差源建模与识别、多体法误差补偿技术等的研究。指出为提高数控机床的开动率和运行质量，必须走检测—诊断—补偿的途径，先把机床调整到最佳状态，使状态误差尽可能小后再去补偿。提出并介绍了名为“三圆（检测诊断控制）法”的对策。

Error motion inspection, diagnosis and compensation methods of NC machines are commented in detail in the domestic and overseas on the recent 20 years, especially the current years. These NC machines are based on the circular interpolation. First, it analyzes the difference in hardware among the seven different kinds of methods. Next, it analyzes the difference in software among the methods done by Y. Kakino, Chinese Taiwan J. M.' Lai, Korea S. W. Hong and H Pahk K.', Chinese Zhejiang University and Tianjin University's motion errors modeling, identification and multi-body system (MBS) errors compensation. Finally, it is pointed out that in order to improve NC machines' running efficiency and performance quality, such actions as detect-diagnose-compensate method should be taken. This method includes first detecting motion errors then tracing to the organic fault (accuracy abnormal recourse) according to the detected errors, next adjusting machines' electromechanical system or replacing machines components in order to reduce motion trace errors, finally compensating the decreased errors to improve machines accuracy greatly. It is more significant to compensate motion errors after adjusting machines to the optimal status to reduce condition errors as much as possible. So, a new measurement method known as 'three-circle method' ('Order circle', 'NC circle' and 'actual circle') is put forward to resolve these problems effectively.