控制尘螨孳生对螨过敏性哮喘患者发病的影响

The efficacy of controlling of house dusts in attacks of mite sensitive asthmatics

目的 研究控制尘螨孳生对螨过敏性哮喘 (DMSA)发病的影响。方法 每季度收集 43例 (男 2 0例、女 2 3例 )螨浸液皮试阳性的支气管哮喘患者卧室中床垫、被褥、沙发和枕头等尘螨主要孳生部位的积尘 ,每部位吸尘面积为 0 2 5m× 0 2 5m ,然后称积尘重量 ,在解剖显微镜下计积尘中尘螨数 (每克灰尘含尘螨个数 ,N g) ,同时逐日记录哮喘日、夜发作天数、症状、用药情况、早晚峰流速值(PEF)等。 1年后随机分为控螨组 (A组 ,2 2例 )和对照组 (B组 ,2 1例 )。A组采用综合性控螨措施如内衣、床上用品洗涤、吸尘、床上用品暴晒、改变室内陈设等。B组未作特殊处理。结果 控螨后A组尘螨数有显著下降趋势 (春季由每克 10 3个降至 6 2个 ,夏季由每克 132个降至 10 5个 ,秋季由每克 2 31个降至 16 3个 ,冬季由每克 13个降至 9个 ) ;哮喘发作天数、症状和用药评分减少 ,血清总IgE含量下降 [(由 1 6降至 0 6 )mg L],与治疗前比较差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。而B组患者前、后 2年相同季节比较 ,上述参数无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 综合除螨措施不仅能降低居室尘螨密度 。

Objective To study the effect of controlling of house dusts in attacks of mite sensitive asthmatics (DMSA). Methods Dust in mattresses, sofas, beddings and pillows were calculated for 43 cases of DMSA every season meanwhile the asthmatic symptoms, amount of drugs taken, PEF value in morning and evening were daily recorded by patients, then the patients were divided into two groups i e treatment group (A group, 22 cases) and no treatment group ( B group, 21 cases) randomly The controlling measures included well ventilation, washing clothes and bedclothes and catching dust frequently and exposing of clothing or bedclothes in the sun Results Correlation was found between house dust density and asthmatic attacks The number of dust mites was lower after treatment than before in A group [(N/g): spring 62 vs 103, summer 105 vs 132, autumn 163 vs 231, winter 9 vs 13] Concomitant asthmatic symptoms and amount of drugs taken and total IgE reduced [(0 6 vs 1 6)mg/L] and PEF values or PEF difference improved Conclusion Control of dust mites growth could alleviate the asthmatic symptoms and decrease the attacks