马克思的“双重使命”理论

Marx's Theory of Dual Missions

1853年,马克思针对英国在印度的殖民统治及其后果,提出了英国在印度要完成“破坏”和“建设”的双重使命理论，即英国要在印度“消灭旧的亚洲式社会”，为印度“西方式的社会奠定物质基础”。英国在印度的双重使命，造成了双重后果。就“破坏性的使命”而言，它既造成了巨大而深重的灾难和累累罪行，又为印度带来了一次亚洲历来仅有的社会革命。而建设性的使命，为印度社会播下了新的社会因素，但其结果却是未来的。

Aiming at British colonial domination over India and its consequence, Marx posed a theory that Britain had to complete two missions of destruction and construction in India in 1853. In other words, Britain had to eliminate an old Asian society in India and lay a material foundation for Indian western society. The dual missions created twofold effects. As for the destruction mission, it brought both huge and grave suffering and a unique social revolution in Asia for India. As for the construction mission, it sowed new social factor for India, though its influence was in future.