美国产业结构调整的特点及借鉴

The Characteristics of the Reconfiguration of American Industral Strucure and the Reference to It

80年代以来 ,美国经济取得了长足发展 ,主要原因是在面向信息技术的前提下 ,美国的产业结构发生了根本性的变化 ,特别是高技术产业得到了突飞猛进的发展。主要表现在 :军事经济向民用经济转移 ,高技术产业的发展推动了劳动生产率和国际竞争力的提高 ,而信息技术产业成为推动美国国民经济增长的主要产业部门 ,政府也在产业结构调整中发挥了重要的作用。美国产业结构调整给我们的启示是 :要大力发展教育 ,提高国民素质 ,实施科教兴国计划 ;要重视技术创新 ,建立创新体系 ,增强创新能力 ;大力发展以信息产业为核心的高新技术产业群 ,用高新技术改造传统产业 。

Since the 1980's,there has heen a great development in American economy.This can be mainly attributed to the foudamental changes that take place in American industrial structure on an information technology-oriented basis,especially the vapid development of the high technology industry.They are mainly represented by the transition from military economy to civil one;the improvement of the productivity & international competition promoted by the industry of high technology,among which the industry of information technology has been the main force to push forward the growth of national economy in America;and also the important role played by the government in the adjustment to the industrial structure.All we learn from it is to devote major efforts to developing education,to enhancing the national quality,and to implementing the plan to prosper our country with science & technology;to thinking highly of the innovation of technology,to establishing a system of innovation ,and strengthening the ability to do so ;to mainly developing the industry groups of high & new technolgy;with it to reform the traditional industry and to speed up the adjustment to the industrial structure and the escalation of the industry.