海洛因成瘾者复吸相关因素的临床分析及预防复发的探讨

A Clinical Analysis of the Factors of Relapse in Heroin Addicts

目的 :调查分析海洛因成瘾复吸者的复吸相关因素 ,为降低复吸率提供背景资料和依据。方法 :采用自编“吸毒人员复吸相关因素调查表”调查 2 14例海洛因复吸者。结果 :在复吸相关因素中 ,以社会支持不足心理行为障碍和应激情境最重要 ,肯定回答率 ,分别为 5 3 .1%、3 5 .0 %和 2 7.6% ,药理特性及可获得性、稽延性戒断症状次之 ,肯定回答率分别为 2 2 .2 %和 2 6.4 %。结论 :复吸除与药物本身的药理特性和可获得性有关外 ,与社会支持不足 ,毒友团伙的引诱和各种心理行为障碍未得及时解决亦相关 ,社会心理应激因素是造成复吸的主要原因。建议对吸毒者不要一味地采取歧视、惩罚等负性态度 ,缩短强制戒毒时间 ,同时健全吸毒人员社区康复服务机构 ,并纳入精神卫生服务网络体系中。戒毒工作需要精神卫生工作者、警务人员及基层社区工作者协同参与 。

Objective:To investigate the factors of relapse and explore the prevention of recurrence in heroin addicts for scientific and decisive data for detoxication treatment and drug control. Methods: 214 heroin addicts of an obligatory treatment unit were investigated with questionnaires for the factors of relapse. Results: Among five factors of relapse, lack of social support accounted for 53.1%, mental and behavioral disorder 35.0%, and life stress event 27.6%. The above three factors were the main factors of relapse in heroin addicts.The characteristics and obtainability of the drug might also be involved in the recurrence. Conclusion:These results suggest that heroin detoxification and the prevention of recurrence of heroin abuse must be combined with the work of drug control, health education, community rehabilitation and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. We shouldn't merely hold negative attitudes towards heroin addicts.