人体及动物不同组织中肥大细胞颗粒超微结构的比较研究

A comparative study of ultrastructure of mast cell granules in different human and animal tissues

运用透射电镜对人体正常皮肤、肺、心肌及萎缩性胃炎胃粘膜、垂体肿瘤、淋巴管瘤 ;大鼠正常皮肤、舌粘膜、腹腔及小肠 ,化学致癌剂诱发肝癌、舌粘膜、腹腔及小肠 ,化学致癌剂诱发肝癌以及血吸虫感染家兔肝、脾等组织中肥大细胞 (MC)胞浆内颗粒的超微结构进行了对比观察 ,结果表明 :存在于人体肺及胃粘膜中的大多数MC颗粒均具有独特的亚结构 ,它们由多个呈旋涡状排列的筒状结构组成 ,其它组织中的MC颗粒则主要呈电子致密均质状。前者属MCT,后者为MCCT。这种结构特征在正常及病理性组织中并无明显差异。因此 ,人体MC颗粒的超微结构特征可以作为区别两类不同表型MC的标志之一。与人体组织中MC相反 ,大鼠体内各部组织中MC颗粒超微结构基本一致 ,而与人体MCT 颗粒类似。因此 ,单从颗粒的超微结构不能区分大鼠MC表型。血吸虫感染家兔肝、脾中的MC颗粒超微结构则与上述观察均不相同 ,颗粒内或见有电子透明的大的结晶样结构或见有许多电子透明的小点状结构。后者有的广布于整个颗粒之中 ,有的则沿颗粒周边分布 ,尚有一些颗粒则由单膜包绕 。

A comparative study of the ultrastructure of the granules of mast cells (MC) occurred in normal human skin, lung, myocardium, gastric mucosa in atrophic gastritis, pituitary tumor cells, lymphangioma and in the skin, mucosa of tongue, peritoneal cavity, small intestine of normal rats as well as in the experimental hepatoma, the liver and spleen of schistosoma infected rabbits was reported. The results revealed that the granules of MC in the human lung tissue and gastric mucosa showed mostly a distinctive substructure composed of multiple tube shaped bodies. The granules of MC in other tissue were mostly homogeneous and electron dens. The former belong to MC T and the latter to MC CT . There was no marked difference between these structural characteristics in normal and pathological tissues. Therefore, the ultrastructure of the human MC granules may be one of criteria for differentiating the two phenotypes of MC. Contrary to the MC in human tissue, the MC granules in different tissues of rats showed basically an identical ultrastructure and were similar to the human MC T granules. Therefore it is impossible to differentiate the phenotypes of rat MC only according to the ultrastructure of MC granules. The ultrastructure of MC granules in the liver and spleen of schistosoma infected rabbits was quite different from the above mentioned observations. The granules of these MC showed either large electron transparent crystalloid structures or many electron transparent spot like structures which were diffusely scattered in or around the granules. There ware also some granules containing multiple electron dens subunits and surrounded by a single limit membrane.