南极洲伊利莎白公主地区主要离子来源传输过程和沉积方式研究

A Priliminary Research on the Sources, Transmission Process and Depositional Styles of Major Ions in Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica

通过对南极洲伊利莎白公主地区冰雪中几种主要离子资料的分析 ,结合前人的工作对本地区主要离子的来源、传输过程和沉积方式做了初步探讨 .结果表明 :南极洲伊利莎白公主地区冰盖中的海盐离子主要来源于周边亚南极地区的海洋 ,nss SO4 2 -主要来源于中低纬度海洋生物的释放和火山喷发 ,而 NO3 -主要来源于中低纬度地区的闪电和极地高空中的各种大气过程 ;海盐离子(主要指 Cl-,Na+ ,Mg2 + ,ss SO4 2 -)通过近距离低空传输到南极冰盖 ,而 nss SO4 2 -和 NO3 -很可能是通过远距离高空传输到极地冰雪中 ,具体过程为 :nss SO4 2 -和 NO3 -在对流层顶部平流层底部呈带状输送到极地上空 ,然后辐射下沉 ,再辐散到其他地区 ;本地区大气中各主要离子浓度足够大 ,足以使本地区冰雪中主要离子浓度不随积累率的变化而变化 ,即离子浓度并不受积累率的影响 .各主要离子干、湿沉积所占比重的计算结果表明 ,本地区离子沉积方式以湿沉积为主 .

By summarizing the main sources of major ions in Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica, the transmission process and depositional styles of major ions are studied. Results show that sea-salt ions, especially Cl -, Na +, Mg 2+ and ssSO 4 2-, coming from the Sub-Antarctic Ocean, are transmitted to the ice sheet by short distance and low level transmission; On the contrary, nssSO 4 2- and NO 3 - are transmitted to the ice sheet by long distance and high level transmission. The procedure of nssSO 4 2- and NO 3 - transmission is that nssSO 4 2- and NO 3 - are transmitted to the ice sheet at the level between the top of troposphere and the bottom of stratosphere, then to the ice sheet surface and spread to other regions. The analysis of the relationship between the concentration and flux of major ions and their accumulation rate shows that the concentrations of major ions in the atmosphere in the studied region are big enough to guarantee that the concentrations of the ions do not vary with the accumulation rate of ions in the snow, that is to say, the concentrations of major chemical species are independent of snow accumulation rate. The results of analyzing the depositional styles of major chemical species suggest that wet deposition dominates the major ions flux.