裂变的发现对化学发展的影响

THE IMPACT OF THE DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION ON THE PROGRESS OF CHEMISTRY

核裂变的发现导致核武器的生产和原子能和平利用的实现,并在世界范围建立了以核燃料循环为基础的核燃料工业。在这一发展过程中,无机化学、配位化学和分析化学获得了新生,得到了前所未有的发展,并促成裂变化学、氟化学、同位素分离、锕系元素化学等新学科以及溶剂萃取、离子交换等新化工过程的出现。本文对以上这些发展进行了论述并举一些实例加以说明。

The discovery of nuclear fission leads to the production of nuclear weapon and peaceful use of atomic energy, which give rise to the growth of a system of nuclear fuel cycle in an industrial scale worldwide.It is just in such a course of development that makes inorganic chemistry, fission chemistry, coordination chemistry and analytical chemistry get new impetus of development, and leads to the formation of new disciplines such as fluorine chemistry, separation of isotopes and environmental chemistry of the actinides as well as new branches of chemical engineering unit operations such as solvent extraction and ion exchange, etc. In this paper such developments are discussed and described with illnstrative examples.