有机物的化学结构对反应历程、速度及产物的影响

The Mechanism，Speed and Product of Reaction were Affected by Organic Chemical Structure

通过亲电加成，亲电取代和亲核加成反应讨论了有机物的化学结构对反应历程、速度及产物的影响， 结果表明：有机物的官能团上连接的推电子基使亲电类反应加速，使亲核类反应减速，而吸电子基的作用则相反；烯烃与溴、碘的加成及非共轭烯烃与氯的加成以反式为主，而共轭的芳烯烃与氯则以顺式加成为主；在亲电取代反应中，取代苯的原取代基若为推电子基， 多数得到邻、对位二取代物，而原取代基为吸电子基，除卤原子外，主要得到间位二取代物。

This artical made a discussion on the mechanism，speed and product of reaction affected by organic chamical structure through addition electrophilic，substitution electrophilic reaction and addition nucleophilic reaction and came to a conclusion that the electrophobic substituent connecting on the organic radical made electrophilic reaction speed up and nucleophilic reaction slow down. But the effect of the electrophilic substituent was opposite. The addition of alkene and bromine、iodine，non-conjugate alkene and chlorine were mainly in Trans-Addition. and the addition of conjugate aromatic alkene and chlorine were mainly in Cis-Addition. In the substitution electrophilic reaction substitution benznene that original substituent is electrophobic substituent, it mainly obtains ortho、para-disubstituted benznene and when original substituent is electrophilic substituent the reaction mainly obtains meta-disubstituted benznene except the halo-atom.