我国城乡老年人白内障的患病情况调查

A survey of the current status and distribution of cataract in the elderly

目的 研究白内障在老年人群中的现状、分布特点。方法 采用多级、整群抽样的方法 ,对北京、上海、广州、成都、西安、沈阳 6城市 82 5 2名≥ 6 0岁常住老年人的白内障情况进行横断面流行病学调查。结果 白内障总患病率为 46 .8%,标化率为 42 .8%,但既往诊断率较低为 19.7%,仅为现患率的 42 .1%;6 0～、6 5～、70～、75～、80～岁年龄组的患病率分别为 2 7.9%、41.3%、5 3.2 %、6 7.5 %、6 8.0 %,白内障随着年龄的增高患病率呈增加的趋势 (P <0 .0 1) ;白内障存在明显的地区差别 ,城市以广州地区最高 (77.9%) ,农村以北京地区最高 (6 7.3%) ;白内障存在着性别差异 ,女性标化率 (4 9.1%)高于男性 (35 .6 %) (P <0 .0 1)。白内障影响因素的logistic分析表明城乡、性别、年龄、职业、地区的不同和白内障患病情况密切相关。结论 白内障在中国患病率较高 ,女性高于男性 ,随着年龄增加而增高且存在地区、职业的差别 ;白内障的既往诊断率远低于现患率 ,提示今后应加强白内障的防治工作 。

Objective To study the current status and distribution of cataract in the ageing population. Methods A total number of 8 252 elderly aged 60 years and above in the urban and rural areas of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi'an and Shenyang were studied, using cluster random sampling methods. Results The crude and adjusted rates of cataract prevalence in the elderly were found to be 46.8 % and 42.8 % respectively. However,the self reported crude prevalence was 19.7 % with only 42.1 % of that shown by medical examination. The prevalence rates increased with ageing ( P < 0.01 ), to have shown 27.9 %, 41.3 %, 53.2 %, 67.5 % and 68.0 % in the age groups of 60-, 65-, 70-, 75-, 80- , 85- years old respectively ( P < 0.01 ). There was difference in the prevalence among areas, with highest ( 77.9 %) in the urban areas in Guangzhou and in the rural areas in Beijing ( 67.3 %) ( P < 0.01 ). The prevalence differed in gender as well:higher in women ( 49.1 %,adjusted) than in men ( 35.6 %, adjusted). Logistic regression analysis showed that the crude prevalence was correlated with ageing, profession and area ( P respective < 0.01 ). Conclusion The prevalence of cataract was high in the elderly and increased with ageing with differences in areas, and professions. It was low when self reporting shown by medical examination, suggesting prevention and treatment of cataract in the elderly be strengthened.