一种客观的天气气候分类方法

AN OBJECTIVE METHODOLOGY FOR SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY

本文将广州逐日4次观测多要素值作主因子分析,对前几个主因子得分进行聚类,划分出冬季有5种天气型,夏季有6种。各型有鲜明的天气特征及一定的环流背景。天气型的出现频率和转换频率刻划出气候的结构和动态。此法有综合性、客观性和优化的特点,纵然分型采用的是常规变量,但它与生物、环境现象有较好的对应关系,显示出这种方法在天气气候分析和应用气象上的潜力。

Values of meteorological elements observed 4 times each day in Guangzhou were processed by Principal Component Analysis. Weather on every day was clustered into 5 weather types for winter and 6 for summer, according to the scores of 4 top components. Weather feature and Pattern of circulation of each weather type generally consist with existing experiences, but the procedure makes an objective classification. The structure of climate and dynamic features of weather types are revealed by the frequences of occurrence and transfer of weather types. Although the classification is based on routine observed meteorological variables, the weather types obtained well correspond to many phenomena in living things and environment. This shows that the procedure suggested and weather types created have great potential in studies on synoptic climatology and applied meteorology.