植物高效利用土壤养分潜力和土壤环境良性循环——国家自然科学基金重大项目完成情况总结

Exploitation of Plant Potential for Nutrient Use Efficiency towards Better Soil Environment -Summary of Key Project Supported by NSFC

国家自然科学基金重大项目“挖掘生物高效利用土壤养分潜力,保持土壤环境良性循环”围绕氮和磷在土壤中损失量大、作物利用率低和污染环境等问题开展系统研究。揭示了小麦等作物通过根系与根际微生物活动,改善土壤微生态环境,活化土壤中难溶性营养元素(以磷为主),提高其利用效率的机理;并从小麦及其具异源遗传背景的杂种中筛选能活化和高效利用土壤养分的种质资源,研究其遗传控制及品种改良技术,开辟了作物高效利用土壤养分育种新途径。系统研究了氮磷施入土壤后的去向以及如何提高其利用效率,减少养分对环境的污染,为高效肥料研制和农作物持续增产提供了科学依据。

The key project entitled 'Exploitation of Plant Potential for Nutrient Use Efficiency towards Better Soil Environment' was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The project focused on some important aspects of nitrogen and phosphorus such as loss, low recovery and environment contamination etc. The results show that wheat improved the functions of rhizosphere ecosystems, mobilized sparingly phosphorus in soil and enhanced phosphorus efficiency by actions of rhizosphere microorganism and root systems. At the same times, we screened some P-efficient germplasm with potential mobilizing and utilizing insoluble soil P from hybrids with allogenic background, developed techniques of genetics control and cultivar improvement, and explored new way of developing varieties with nutrient efficient. We also investigated systematically the fate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer applied to soil . All of results are beneficial to enhance recovery of fertilizers, to decrease risk of environment pollution, to recruit knowledge on new efficient fertilizer and to maintain the sustainability of crop production.