清代前期人口、垸田、水灾与洞庭湖区经济地位的衰变

Impacts of Population, Diked Fields and Floods on the Economy of Dongting Lake Regions' During the Early Qing Dynasty

人口、垸田和水灾是制约清代前期洞庭湖区社会经济发展的三要素。三者之间互为因果 ,形成了一种影响湖区经济的强大合力。清初盛世期间 ,人少地多 ,水灾影响小 ,洞庭湖区在全国保持着极其显赫的经济地位。进入嘉庆、道光后 ,人口、垸田之间矛盾日显 ,人多地少 ,水灾频繁 ,洞庭湖区的粮食生产受到严重威胁 ,经济发展渐趋停滞 。

Population, diked fields and floods were three ulmost important elements in the economy of the Dongting Lake regions during the early Qing Dynasty. In the flourishing ages , owing to a small population, more fields and few floods, the regions still maintained its extreme economic domination all over the country. However, during the ages of Emperor Jia Qing and Emperor Dao Guang, the population enlarged , fields decreased and floods occurred frequently on a large scale. So the regional economy came to a standstill and gradually declined.