新疆木垒波斑鸨生态学研究初报

A Preliminary Study on the Ecology of Houbara Bustards (Chlamydotis undulata macqueenii) Population in Mori, Xinjiang

1997年至 2 0 0 0年 ,作者等在新疆准噶尔盆地东部木垒县境内开展了波斑鸨 (Chlamydotisundulata)的生态学研究工作。研究内容涉及栖息地 ,种群数量和密度 ,巢与卵 ,筑巢成功率和孵化率 ,食性 ,迁徙。研究结果表明 ,波斑鸨多在植被盖度 ,高度和草本植物丰富度较低的地带繁殖栖息 ;研究区内约有成年波斑鸨 2 5 1- 2 93只 ,平均密度为 0 .0 838只 /km2 ;从 1998年至 2 0 0 0年 ,平均巢卵数分别为 :3.9± 0 .8,3.7± 0 .9和 3.0± 0 .9。孵化成功率为 0 .83～ 1。营巢成功率为 0 .2 5～ 0 .775 ;波斑鸨以多种植物和无脊椎动物为食 ,其中猪毛菜 (Salsolaarbuscula)是一类重要的食物 ;波斑鸨多在 9月中至 10月中开始秋季迁飞 ,平均迁徙天数为 2 4± 17天 ,飞越 34 0 0 - 470 0km ,在伊朗。

The ecology of houbara bustard in Mori, Xinjiang, was studied from 1997 to 2000. The research content includes the habitat, population number and density, nests and eggs, nesting success rate and hatchability, diet and migration of houbara bustards. The nesting females clearly prefer the areas where the vegetation coverage and height are low and the grass is sparse. The number of houbara bustards in the whole study area is from 251 to 293. The average density of the birds is 0.083 houbara/ km 2. From 1998 to 2000, the average number of clutchs were 3.9±0.8,3.7±0.9 and 3.0±0.9 respectively. The nesting success rate varied in a range of 0.25～0.775 and the hatchability was 0.831. Houbara are omnivorous, feeding on both plants and crawling invertebrates. Salsola is a kind of important food of houbara. Most of the birds start their autumn migration from mid September to mid October. The average duration of the migration was 24±17days. The migration distance varies from 3,400 km to 4,700 km. Their wintering areas are India, Iran and Pakistan.