辐射育成极早熟小麦突变系的研究

EXTREMELY EARLY-RIPENING WHEAT MUTANT LINES BRED BY 1RRADITION

自70年代以来,本所利用60Coγ射线、激光与快中子复合处理,选育出两个极早熟小麦突变系“152”和“321”,生育期分别为218和217天,比当地晚播早熟品种“鲁麦4号”还早熟2—4天。经研究,其原因主要是缩短了拨节至抽穗时间,而且灌浆早、速度快。两个突变系播种期弹性大,秋播、晚秋播或春播均能正常抽穗结实,具有弱冬性和春性双重特点,适宜麦—棉、麦—花生一年两熟地区种植。“321C”突变系籽粒蛋白质含量高达16.86％,赖氨酸含量高达0.42%,湿面筋含量高达42.0%,干面筋含量为14.0％,适宜制作优质面食,同时对育种工作也是颇有价值的优质源和早熟源。

Two extremely early-ripening wheat mutant lines,'7810152'and'815032l' were bred through inducing mutation by 60Co-γray and combined treatment of laser and fast neutrons. The total growth duration of two lines were 218 and 217 days respectively. Their mature dates were 2-4 days earlier than 'Lumai No.4' , which is a late-sowing and early-ripening wheat variety. The early-ripeness may be due to the shortening of period from jointing to earing and the earliness and quickness of milking. The two lines have a long sowing periods.They can normally mature with the sowing periods from autumn to early spring. They have both traits of weak-winterness and springness and can be rotated with cotton or peanut in one year. The grain protein content of '32lC' is 16.86%, lysine is 0.42%, wet-gluten and dry-gluten are 42.0% and 14.0%, respectively.It can be used to make wheaten foods with high quality, and also is worth-ful germplasms in breeding with high quality and early-ripeness.