小麦籽粒色泽和质地的辐射诱变

THE EFFECTS OF IRRADIATION ON GRAIN COAT COLOR AND GRAIN TEXTURE IN WINTER WHEAT

以红粒半硬质品种扬麦5号和红粒粉质品种宁麦3号为材料,用~60Coγ射线不同剂量照射干种子。结果两品种M_1代籽粒色泽的辐射反应有差异,较高剂量辐射可使扬麦5号粒色变深,但对宁麦3号作用不大。两品种M_1代籽粒质地有随剂量提高而变粉的趋势。在扬麦5号M_2代中发现了突变率分别为0.6％和2.0％的籽粒色泽正(向白色)突变和籽粒质地负(向粉质)突实,在宁麦3号M_2代中发现了突变率分别为0.7％和3.6％的色泽负(向红色)突变和质地正(向硬质)突变。扬麦5号色泽正突变和宁麦3号质地正突变经M_3代株系再选,在M_4代获得了多个稳定的突变株系。结果表明,γ射线辐照原品种干种子,能产生对籽粒色泽和质地有选择意义的变异群体。

Dry seeds of the variety 'Yangmai 5' with red grain coat, semihard grain texture, and the variety 'Ningmai 3' with red grain coat, soft grain texture were irradiated with Y-rays at various doses.The effect on M1 grain coat color was different between two varieties, the higher doses made grain coat color of 'Yangmai 5' redder, but had hardly effect on 'Ningmai 3'.The effect on M1 grain texture showed that the grain texture became softer with doses increased.It was found that there were 0.6% of positive ( red to white ) grain coat color mutants and 2.0% of negative(hard to soft) grain texture mutants in M2 of 'Yangmai 5' , and there were 0.7% of negative ( white to red ) grain coat color mutants and 3.6% of positive ( soft to hard ) grain texture mutants in M2 of 'Ningmai 3' . It seemed that the positive mutants selected in M3 were stable in M4,The results showed that γ-rays can be used to improve the grain coat color andgrain texture of wheat varieties.