骨骼的功能适应性与应力应变反应

Bone Adaptation and Response to Mechanical Stress in Bone.

综述了近年来骨骼功能适应性理论及机制研究的进展状况。早期的骨骼功能适应性理论以Wolff定律为代表 ,而近期较为成熟的理论为Frost的“力学稳定性理论”。研究发现 :成骨细胞、骨细胞和骨衬细胞是骨骼组织内的力学敏感性细胞。作用在骨骼细胞上的应力包括压 -拉应力和剪切应力 ,剪切应力是骨骼细胞能感受到的主要应力作用。剪切应力对骨骼细胞的作用与骨骼的基本结构是密切相关的。

To review the progresses in the research of bone adaptation and its mechanisms. The Wolff ,s law represented early theory of bone adaptation, but the Frost ,s mechanostat theory developed in 1960s might be the more appropriate theory. Several studies showed that the bone cells including osteoblasts, osteocytes and bone lining cells are the mechanosensitive cells in bone tissue. Forces acting on the bone cells include compressive tensile stress and shear stress. The shear stress is the main force which can be sensed by the bone cells. The effect of shear stress on bone cells is closely related to the basic structure of the bone, i.e., osteon. The main responses of bone cells to stress are changes of secretion of prostaglandins and nitric oxide.