北京猿人第一个头盖骨及其遗址堆积层年代的电子自旋共振测年研究

STUDY OF ESR DATING FOR BURYING AGE OF THE FIRST SKULL OF PEKING MAN AND CHRONOLOGICAL SCALE OF THE CAVE DEPOSIT IN ZHOUKOUDIAN SITE LOC.1

裴文中教授在60年前发现的北京猿人第一个头盖骨埋藏的确切年代至今没有获得。本文通过对北京猿人共生的古脊椎动物牙化石进行电子自旋共振(ESR)测年,分别获得了第11层北京猿人第一个头盖骨埋藏的年代为578千年,第8—9层和第3—4层北京猿人埋藏的年代分别为418千年和282千年。依据ESR、U系,TL,FT和古地磁等测年结果,本文推荐了北京猿人洞的洞穴堆积层(周口店组Q_2)年代表供读者参考。

Sixty years ago, Pei Wenzhong (W. C. Pei) discovered the first skull of Peking Man in the 11th layer, Loc. 1, Zhoukoudian, Beijing (1929). However, the actual age of its burying is still not sure up to now. In this paper, the deer fossil teeth are collected from the 3-4, 8-9 and 11 layers in Loc.1. The accumulative doses and internal annual doses of fossil teeth (enamel) have been gotten by electron spin resonance spectrometer (ESR) and neutron activation analysis. The environmental annual doses have been obtained by thermoluminescene dosimeters to be embedded in the 2nd layer to the 12th layer of the site. The linear uranium uptake model is adopted to calculate the ESR ages of fossil teeth. ESR dating results show that the burying age of the first skull of Peking Man is 578 ka. Other burying ages of Peking Man in the 3-4th layer and the 8-9th layer are 282 ka and 418 ka, respectively. According to the dating results of ESR, ET, TL, U-series and paleomagnetic stratigraphical measurement, a primary chronological scale of the deposits of Peking Man Cave is proposed in this paper.