贝加尔针茅草原围栏封育和自由放牧条件下植物结实数量的研究

The Quantities of Seed Setting in Fenced and Freely Grazed Areas in Stipa baicalensis Steppe, Inner Mongolia.

在两个不同的降水年份 ,于内蒙古锡林郭勒草原东部的贝加尔针茅草原上 ,采用收获单位面积草原群落植物全部种子的办法 ,对比观察了连续自由放牧或阶段性放牧与围栏封育条件下植物结实量及结实植物种类和出现率的差异 ,同时观察了围栏内、外贝加尔针茅种子生产数和狼毒单花序成花数的差异。结果表明 ,植物结实受放牧采食和降水条件的共同影响。同围栏封育相比 ,连续自由放牧不利于植物结实。而春季放牧夏秋休闲的阶段性放牧可以使植物结实性迅速恢复 ,这种影响对部分植物来说 ,甚至超越于降水的影响。

In the Stipa baicalensis steppe in the eastern zone of Xilinguole Plateau, Inner Mongolia, the method of harvesting all mature plant seeds (or fruits) on unit area was used to measure the differences of yearly seed productions in plant community, fruit bearing species and appearing rates of fruit bearing species on quadrats between fenced plot and grazed plot during two rainfall pattern years. At the same time, the differences of seed numbers produced in single inflorescence of Stipa baicalensis and flower numbers opened in single flower head of Stellera chamaejasme were compared between fenced plot and grazed plot. The results showed that plant seed production was affected by animal grazing and rainfall pattern. Compared to fenced plot, continuous grazing was disadvantageous to the seed production. The seed production ability of plant could rapidly restore through practicing the management of grazing in spring and rest in the summer and fall, and the effect by this management to some species of plant was even over the effect of rainfall. It was demonstrated that the different grassland management ways are very important to keep plant seed production in grazing pasture.