氯化铵中氯的硝化抑制效应研究

Effect of chlorine of ammonium chloride on restraining nitrification

通过盆栽试验 ,在种与不种作物条件下 ,研究了不同氮肥品种在土壤中的硝化作用 ,氯化铵中氯离子的硝化抑制效应及其对玉米营养和生长的影响。结果表明 ,不同氮肥品种在土壤中硝化作用大小为 :尿素 >硫酸铵 >氯化铵 ;氯化铵与尿素或硫酸铵配合施用能明显降低其氮素的硝化作用。氮素的硝化率与土壤含氯量呈显著负相关 ,氯化铵中氯能抑制氮素硝化作用 ,其硝化抑制效应强弱与氮肥品种和作物生长有关 ,氯对尿素的硝化抑制作用大于对硫酸铵的作用。不种作物时 ,氯化铵中氯的硝化抑制效应稳定且与双氰胺相当 ;种玉米促进了氮素的硝化作用。随着玉米生长及其对氯的吸收 ,氯的硝化抑制效应逐渐降低。硝化作用过强或过弱都不利于玉米苗期生长 ,玉米吸收NH+ 4 N与NO- 3 N需要一定比例。本试验条件下 ,玉米吸收土壤NH+ 4 N与NO- 3 N的最适比例为 1∶0 7～ 1∶1。合理配施氯化铵能调节土壤中NH+ 4 N与NO- 3 N的供给比例 ,提高玉米苗期生物产量。

A pot experiment conducted to investigate the nitrification of different nitrogen fertilizers in soil, the effect of chlorine of ammonium chloride on restraining nitrification under planting maize and without crop conditions and its influence on the nutrition and growth of maize. The results indicated that the order of nitrification for different nitrogen fertilizers was urea>ammonium sulfate>ammonium chloride. The nitrification was decreased when the urea or ammonium sulfate was combined with ammonium chloride. There was a marked negative correlation between the nitrification and the content of chlorine in soil. The chlorine of ammonium chloride could restrain the nitrification but its influence on restraining nitrification was related to the variety of nitrogenous fertilizers and the growth of crop. The effect of chlorine on restraining nitrification was stronger for urea than for ammonium sulfate, and as same as dicyandiamide. The nitrification of nitrogen in soil was promoted when the maize was planted, and the effect of chlorine on restraining nitrification decreased with maize growing and chlorine absorbed. The seedling of maize grew poorly when the nitrification was stronger or weaker. In this experiment, the suitable ratio of maize absorbed NH + 4\|N and NO - 3\|N was 1∶0 7～1 0, the ratio of NH + 4\|N and NO - 3\|N could be adjusted in soil and the biomass yield of maize increased when the ammonium chloride was applied rationally.