用头皮针行小儿胸骨穿刺的应用解剖及临床应用

Applied anatomy of sternal puncture with scalp needle in children

目的 :为头皮针小儿胸骨穿刺提供解剖学基础。方法 :在 3 0例小儿尸体上解剖观测了胸骨的形态、内部结构及毗邻关系。结果 :小儿胸骨柄体共长 (8.95± 1.2 2 )cm ;胸骨柄长 (2 .5 0± 0 .75 )cm、中 1/2处宽 (3 .0 4± 0 .96)cm、厚 (10 .1± 4.1)mm ;胸骨体长 (6.43± 1.0 3 )cm、胸骨体宽 (1.81± 0 .5 8)cm、厚 (6.14±1.90 )mm。胸骨的骨松质呈网眼状 ,中线大于边缘处 ,柄内明显大于体内的。结论 :用头皮针行小儿胸骨穿刺点应选择在靠近中线处 ,距胸骨角水平以上 0 .5～ 1.0cm的胸骨柄处为最佳 ,其次在第 1节胸骨体中部。

Objective:To provide anatomic basis for clinical stern um puncture wi th scalp needle in children.Methods:The shapes,internal and adjacent structures of stemum were observed and measured on 30 child cadaveric specimens.Results:The total length of the sternal manubrium and body was 8.95±1.22 cm.The sternal ma nu brium was 2.50 ±0.75 cm long,3.04±0.96 cm wide and 1.01±4.1 mm thick.Th e sternum consisted of the cancellous bone with numerous nets and foramens.Con clusions:The present study shows the optimized position of sternum puncture is the center of the sternal manubrium and 0.5～1.0cm above the sternal angle,and then is the fi rst sternal body.