股后及股外侧皮神经移植的应用解剖

Applied Anatomy of Posterior and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Graft

目的 为自体股后及股外侧皮神经移植提供解剖学基础。方法 15具成人尸体 ,其中男性 12具 ,女性 3具 ,共 30侧下肢 ,经股动脉灌注氨水稀释的红色乳胶后 ,进行大体解剖和观测。结果 股后皮神经浅出点横经 (2 .5 2± 0 .39)mm、长度 (2 3.2 7± 1.6 9)cm、浅出点距体表深度 (1.81± 0 .6 9)cm、分支有多条 ,股外侧皮神经浅出点横经 (1.92± 0 .5 5 )mm、长度 (9.6 6± 3.0 7)cm、浅出点距体表深度(0 .72± 0 .42 )cm ,分支有两条 ,股后皮神经小动脉数多于股外侧皮神经 ,但管径细小 ;寻找每条神经 ,都有一个可靠的手术部位。结论 根据移植需要 ,可从最佳位置获取所需长度和横径的股后及股外皮神经作移植供体。此二神经不适合带血管神经移植。

Objective To provide anatomic basis for auto trasplantation of posterior and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. Methods 15 adult cadavers (12 male, 3 female) were injected with red latex diluted by ammonia through femoral artery. 30 lower extremities were observed and measured. Results The length of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve is (23.27±1.69)cm; the diameter of it is (2.52±0.39)mm; the depth to the surface of the body is (1.81±0.69)cm, and it has several small branches. The number of small arteries of it is larger than that of lateral, but their diameters are small. The length of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is (9.66±3.07)cm; the diameter of it is (1.92±0.55)mm; it has two branches; the depth to the surface of the body is (0.72±0.41)cm. There is a reliable place for harvesting every nerve. Conclusions According to the need of nerve graft, from the most reliable place we can harvest posterior and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve whose lengths and diameters are suitable. The two nerves are not fit for vascularizing nerve graft.