熔铸民族性:土家族饮食禁忌的人类学考察

Make National Quality: Cultural Source of Tujia"Diet-taboo

禁忌作为一种典型的民俗文化现象 ,往往渗透着人类初民的思维意识 ,同时显示出文化的民族性特征。全面考察土家族饮食禁忌的各种形态及其文化成因 ,认为这些禁忌形态是土家人构建民族性的外化形式之一 ,体现了双重建构的民族文化心理 :表层结构是把饮食本身作为首要生存要素的饮食天命观 ,深层结构是个体融入民族总体之中构建民族性的生命意识。

As a model of cultural phenomenon about folklore, Taboo has always permeated original human thinking and consciousness, which it has showed cultural character on national quality. The article allroundly investigates all kinds of Tujia's diet-aboo forms and its cultural source. It holds these Taboos are one of external forms in which Tujias make own national quality, it shows double-making national cultural mentality. It concludes two layers : surface layer is Tian-ming idea on diet which is regarded as first-living ractor, deep layer is an idea about outlook on life for making national quality which individual melts into the nation.