重庆市南川金佛山银杏天然资源考察报告

Invegtigation of natural Ginkgo Biloba population on the Golden Buddha mountains of Nanchuan, Chongqing

金佛山以植物资源和生物多样性丰富而著称 ,是若干珍稀孑遗植物的原产地。山高谷深 ,地势起伏 ,地貌类型复杂 ,是第四纪冰川袭击下的生物避难所 ,引起国内外科学家的关注。 1997年南川金佛山划规重庆直辖市管辖。据 1998年报导 :“在金佛山北坡和西麓的原始森林中 ,发现了世界唯一幸存的大片罕见银杏野生植株。这一发现填补了银杏未发现原产地的空白。”报导引起笔者的极大重视 ,于次年进行了首次实地考察。 2 0 0 0年 8月和 11月又进行了第二第三次考察。在占充分资料的基础上 ,笔者运用植物群落学的理论和方法 ,对其进行慎重地群落学和种群生态学审查 ,得到下列结论 :以金佛山顶峰为核心的金佛山北部、东北、东部、东南和西南部 ,至今存在着一个孤形的银杏天然资源分布区 ,共有银杏天然资源约 180 0株 (～ 2 0 0 0株 )。其中 94 %以上个体处于青年木和成熟木阶段 ;成年木个体约占 6 % ;濒死木 1株 ;是一个物候型年龄级比较齐全的种群。与此同时 ,对三泉镇大河坝乡毛坡村古银杏作了详细地形态发育学观察。证明其为一“四代同株”古银杏个体 ,处于濒死木阶段。发现德隆镇杨家沟银杏天然森林群落一处。经植物群落学的调查统计表明 ,该群落应为古银杏天然森林群落的直接后裔。是一个自在之物 ,至今仍处于?

Golden Buddha Mountains in Nanchuan, Chongqing is famouse for rich plant biodiversity. The region is the howntown of mang remnant species. It is the refuge of the fourth ice age with deep vallies and mountains. In attracts the attention of scientists all over the world. Based on a simple report:“hundreds of Ginkgo trees discovered on Golden Buddha mountains.” Three surveys were conducted on the this area in 1999 and 2000. Based on the first hand materials with the point of view of species population ecology, the conclusion can be drawn that there is a circle distribution of natural Ginkgo located in east, southeast and southwest Golden Buddha Mountains. There are 1 800-2 000 Ginkgo trees in Nanchuan city. 94% of them are young and 6% of them are mature trees. This is a natural Ginkgo population with all ages represented. An ancient dying Ginkgo tree in Shanquan Town proved to be “four generation living together”. A natural Ginkgo populodion was aslo discorered in Yangjiagou, which belongs to the direct offspring of ancient gingko population based on the investigation of the plant population. It is a nataral population still in the process of development, regeneration and evolution of a typical natural forest ecological system. The discovery of natural gingko population in Yangjiagou is very important for further research on the distribution and evolution of wild gingko population.