提高模具钢质量的系统控制

Systems Control on the Quality of Tool Steels for Molds

模具在现代制造业中占有日益重要的地位 ,特别是汽车和电器制造业中 70 %以上的零件采用模具制造加工。但目前我国高质量的模具大量依赖进口 ,分析其主要原因 ,不在于我们的优质钢炼钢水平 ,而是没有认识到整个模具钢质量的提高是一个系统控制过程。除冶金质量外 ,制造过程中的锻压加工、预备热处理、机械加工和最终热处理都将影响模具的内部组织和应力状态 ,从而决定模具的最终使用性能。本文以H1 3钢为例 ,从原材料、锻压加工、预备热处理及最终热处理等角度分析影响模具寿命的因素 ,指出提高模具质量是一个从原材料材质开始 ,包括各相关工序的系统控制过程 ,需要冶金、机械和材料工程师的共同努力 ,才能有效提高模具性能 ,延长使用寿命及降低生产成本。

Moulds and dies play a more important role in morden manufacturing,especially in automoblie industry and electronic industry where more than 70 percent parts made by moulds or dies,But a lot of high quality moulds or dies rely on abroad at present in China.The reason of which is not the lack of steelmaking skills,but our understanding of quality control of tool steels,The structures and stress inside the tools,which determine the capability of tools,are affected by every process including smelting forging,pre-heattreating,machining and the final treatment.As an example,the H13 type steel is uesd to show the factors which have effect on tool life from metallurgy to heat treatment.It have been pointed out that the quality improving of tools is an systems engineering and need the cooperation among the metallurgists,machinists and materal experts.