山东省混配农药使用现况的调查

A survey on the current situation of using pesticide mixtures in Shandong Province

目的 摸清山东省混配农药使用现况 ,提出相应的农药中毒防治措施。方法 以整群抽样的流行病学调查方式确定调查范围 ,观察期末对辖区内所有施药员进行问卷调查。结果 共收录完整问卷2 5 0 3份。施药员使用单一农药的 14 0 5人 (占 5 6.13 %) ,使用混配农药的 10 95人 (占 4 3 .87%)。使用混配农药者中自配的 74 8人 (占 68.12 %)、使用市售制剂的 3 5 0人 (占 3 1.88%)。农药混配品种主要是有机磷加另一种有机磷、有机磷加拟除虫菊酯类或三元混配等。单一农药中毒罹患率 0 .71%,混配农药中毒罹患率 1.82 %( χ2 =6.4 1,P <0 .0 2 5 ,RR =2 .5 6,95 %CI=1.2 0～ 5 .4 7,AR =1.11%,ARP =60 .94 )。结论 混配用药可能使农药中毒发生的机会增加 ,中毒原因主要与不合理混用及缺少必要的防护措施有关。

Objective To investigate the problems of using pesticide mixtures in Shandong province and to propose corresponding countermeasures for pesticide intoxication. Methods All of the pesticide sprayers selected from the surveyed region by cluster sampling were as subjects to be investigated.The subjects were interviewed by investigators with questionaires at the end of 2-month observational period. Results There were 2 503 complete questionaires.1 405 sprayers(56.13%) used single pesticide and 1 098 sprayers(43.87%) pesticide mixtures.The pesticide mixtures were prepared by the sprayers themselevss(68.12%) or from commercial products (31.88%).The main types of pesticide mixtures were organophosphorus(OP) plus another OP, OP plus pyrethroid as well as mixtures of three pesticides or more.The incidence of acute poisoning induced by pesticide mixtures was 1.82% whereas that by single pesticides was 0.71%(χ 2=6.41,P<0.025,RR=2.56,95%CI=1.20～ 5.47,AR=1.11%,ARP=60.94). Conclusions Using pesticide mixtures may increase the risk of pesticide poisoning.Irrational mixing of pesticide and lack of protective measures may contribute to the main causes of poisoning.