金属和合金中的动态应变时效现象

Dynamic strain aging phenomenon in metals and alloys

动态应变时效现象是在金属和合金中 ,移动着的溶质原子和运动中的位错发生交互作用时所出现的一种强化现象 .这种交互作用 ,将产生一系列的强化效应 ,使金属和合金在外加载荷作用下所表现出的力学行为发生巨大的变化 .所有这些效应 ,都将在常用的重要工业合金 (如钢、铝合金、铜合金 )最常使用的温度范围内出现 .研究动态应变时效 ,不仅有助于加深对诸如金属中位错的交互作用规律、塑性和强化的微观过程与机理等的理解 ,而且也能帮助我们更好地控制那些常用工业合金的机械性能 .本文结合多年来在这方面所做的系统研究工作 ,总结了动态应变时效现象的一般规律和已有的理论 ,并着重介绍作者参与建立的一种模型及其实验结果 ;

Dynamic strain aging (DSA) phenomenon is a strengthening phenomenon in metals and alloys, caused by the interaction between the diffusive solute atoms and the moving dislocation. This interaction produces series strengthening effects and leads to some evident changes of the mechanical behavior of metals and alloys under adscititious loads. All these effects appear in the temperature region where the most common commercial alloys (such as steels, aluminum alloys, copper alloys) are used. The investigation of DSA not only can help us to deepen the understanding of the interaction between dislocations in metals, the micro-process and the mechanism of plasticity and strengthening, but also can help us to better control the mechanical behavior of most common used commercial alloys. In the present paper, we systematically summarized, according to our long-term research results, the general rule and the existent theories about the DSA, and emphasis on a model, which we had made some contribution on its establishment, and its experimental results. We also introduce in this paper some characteristics of DSA phenomenon and its influence on the mechanical behavior of some common used commercial alloys.