不同土地利用背景下土壤侵蚀空间分布规律研究

Study on Spatial-temporal Feature of Land Use and Land Cover Under Defferent Background of Soil Erosion

在 RS与 GIS技术的支持下 ,对不同土地利用背景下的土壤侵蚀空间分布规律进行了定量研究。具体表现为通过空间分析 ,对不同土壤侵蚀下的土地利用类型、不同地貌特征下的土壤侵蚀状况、不同土地利用结构下的土壤侵蚀进行了动态分析。研究结果表明 :我国的土壤侵蚀以水力侵蚀为主 ,其次为风力侵蚀和冻融侵蚀。我国的水力侵蚀以微度水力侵蚀为主 ,随着侵蚀强度的增加 ,侵蚀面积在逐渐减少 ;我国的风力侵蚀以剧烈风力侵蚀为主 ,随着侵蚀强度的增加 ,侵蚀面积逐渐增加 ;在冻融侵蚀区以微度冻融侵蚀为主 ,随着侵蚀强度的增加 ,侵蚀面积逐渐减小。对我国威胁最大的是风力侵蚀 ,因此 ,研究如何防治风力侵蚀 ,阻止土壤沙漠化 ,在目前是一项十分紧迫的任务。

The research of soil erosion is significantly important for better understanding land use,land cover change and environmental management for sustainable development. In order to study soil erosion in China, the technologies of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System were used to analyze the spatial distribution of spatial-temporal feature of soil erosion under the different land use and land cover. It is shown that the main types of soil erosion are water erosion, wind erosion and frozen erosion in China. The maximum of percentage of types of water erosion and frozen erosion are slight water erosion and slight frozen erosion, the area of water erosion and frozen erosion is decreasing with increase of erosion intensity. The maximum of percentage of types of wind erosion is fierce wind erosion, the area of fierce wind erosion is about 5.5% of total area of soil erosion. So, the wind erosion is the most serious environment and socioeconomic problems in China, especially in the north China where sandy desertification is developing rapidly over large areas and receiving widespread attention. Meantime, sandy desertification processes aggravate wind erosion, deteriorate soil physical and chemical properties, reduced land productivity. So, at present how to keep dry soil from wind erosion and keep soil away desert is the most pressing task for us to study.