韭菜可育和不育花药和花粉发育的细胞学观察

CYTOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF ANTHER AND POLLEN DEVELOPMENT OF MALE-FERTILE AND MALE-STERILE ALLIUM TUBEROSUM ROTTL.EX SPR.

通过观察韭菜雄性可育、雄性不育及不育×可育F_1代花药和花粉的发育,得出的主要结论是:(1)正常可育的花药,其药壁有四层细胞构成,即表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层,绒毡层属分泌型;造孢细胞经分裂形成花粉母细胞;花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为连续型,四分孢子为四面体形和左右对称型;成熟花粉为二细胞型。(2)雄性不育及以其为母本的杂种一代花粉败育的情况有:花粉母细胞和绒毡层败育;花粉母细胞减数分裂异常,绒毡层提早解离;绒毡层提早退化,单核花粉败育。该雄性不育材料在生产上有利用价值。

Anther and pollen development of male-fertile and male-sterile Alliumtuberosum Rottl.ex Spr.was observed.The results are as follows:1.The anther wall is composed of four layers of cells—epiderm,endothecium,middlelayer and tapetum.The tapetum is glandular.Sporogenous cells form pollen mother cells bymitosis.The cytokinesis of pollen mother cells is successive.The mature pollen grains arebicellular.2.Pollen abortion occurs in male-fertile and male-sterile Allium tuberosum Rottl.exSpr.,and their hybrids of F_1 generation.At the early stage,the pollen mother and tapetumcells degenerate,the meiosis of pollen mother cells is abnormal and at the same time thetapetum degenerates.Mononuclear pollens are abortive and so is the tapetum.