泰山-18BC型机动喷雾机防治麦蚜效果与农药沉积分布的关系

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISTRIBUTION OF INSECTICIDES AND WHEAT APHID CONTROL EFFECT APPLYING WITH TAISHAN-18BC MOTORIZED MISTBLOWER

泰山-18BC型机动喷雾机喷施氧乐果防治麦蚜效果好、施药剂量低、持效期长,450ml/hm^2剂量和75 L/hm^2施药液量比较适宜。农药在麦株各部位的沉积分布差异明显,以穗部沉积量最高。施药剂量与农药沉积量呈正相关,药效随农药沉积量的增加而相应地提高,其ED_(50)和ED_(90)分别为0.1和0.6(ai)μg/cm^2。与工农-16型手动喷雾器相比,机动喷雾机工效高,施药液量少,小麦植株(尤其是穗部)沉积量高,可节省用药20％～50％,有效喷幅可达6m,其中1～4m处防效最高,具有取代手动喷雾器的优越条件。

A good and sustained effect of control against wheat aphids by applying omethoate with Taishan-18BC, a new model of motorized mistblower, was achieved in the field during 1997 - 1998. The application dosage at 450 ml/hm2 with volume rate of 75 L/hm2 was suitable for field practice. There was a remarkable difference in the distribution of insecticide deposition on different parts of wheat plants. The insecticide deposition was directly proportional to the application dosage. The control effects of increased with the increase of insecticide deposition. The ED50 and ED90 of omethoate for wheat aphids were 0.1 μg (ai)/cm2 and 0.6 μg (ai)/cm2, respectively. Compared with Gongnong-16,a lever-operated knapsack sprayer, Taishan-18BC showed more advantages,such as labor-saving, lower dosage, less volume,and higher deposition, especially on wheat spike. By using Taishan-18BC, the insecticide application dosage could be saved 20% - 50% . Its efficacious spraying swath for aphid control could reach up to 6 meters. And in the area of 1 - 4 meter of the spraying swath the highest aphid control efficacy was obtained and the deposition amount of pesticide in this area was two-thirds of the total deposition amount in whole spraying swath. All the above-mentioned advantages of Taishan-18BC sprayer suggested that the motorized mistblower should replace the lever-operated one in the near future.