八种藓类孢子的形态结构研究

Morphology and Structure Studies on the Spores of Eight species of Mossies in China

选择了 8种不同的藓类植物 ,泥炭亚纲 1种 ,黑藓亚纲 1种 ,真藓亚纲中的顶蒴单齿亚类 1种 ,顶蒴双齿亚类 2种 ,侧蒴双齿亚类 2种 ,金发藓亚纲 1种 .取其成熟孢子 ,用光学显微镜 (LM)和透射电镜 (TEM)观察其形态结构 ,进行比较研究 .(1)孢子形态分为 2种 :A 四面体形 ,B 球形 .A是较原始的 .(2 )孢子颜色分为 2类 :A 黄色 ,B 绿色 ,与演化的关系尚待探讨 .(3)孢子萌发孔分为 3种类型 :A 三裂缝 ,B 近极薄壁区 ,C 无明显萌发孔 .A是较原始的 .(4)孢子直径 12 2～ 36 9μm ,有两种较大 (2 6 5 μm ,36 9μm) ,相对原始 .(5 )孢壁厚度 2 75 0～ 195 0 0 μm ,孢壁厚的物种相对进化 .(5 )孢壁纹饰有 4种 :A 瘤状 ,B 疣状 ,C 棒状 ,D 无突起 .C相对进化 .(6 )孢壁结构分为 2类 :A 具周壁、外壁、内壁 ,B 具外壁、内壁 .周壁、外壁、内壁在透射电镜下电子密度不同 ,但均为同质层 ,无结构分化 ,不同进化水平的物种间无明显区别 .藓类孢子的进化不是同步的 ,具有交叉性状 .上述结果从孢粉学角度说明苔藓植物在高等植物中是较原始的 ,也为苔藓孢子形态研究。

For a study of the spore morphology, eight species of mosses in China were selected from different evolutionary level.They are (1)one specie of Sphagneiea,(2)one specie of Andreaeidae,(3)one specie of acrocarpi\|Haplolepideae,(4)two species of acrocarpi\|Diplolepideae,(5)two species of pleurocarpi\|Diplolepideae,(6)one species of Polytrichidae. The morphology and structure of spores of 8 species were observed by Light icroscope(LM)and Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM).(1)There are two types of spore morphology:A.quadrangular, B.shperical.A is relatively primitive. (2) There are two kinds of spore color:A.yellow, B.green. The evolution of the color of spores is a subject for future study.(3)There are three types of spore aperture:A.trilete, B.katalept,C.atreme.A is relatively primitive. (4) Spore diameters are from 12\^2?μm to 36\^9?μm. The large spore type is relatively primitive. (5) Sporoderm thickness varies from 275\^0?μm to 1950\^0?μm. The spore of thick sporoderm is relatively advanced. (6)There are two types of sporoderm composition:A. with perine, exine and intine, B. with exine, intine. The election density are different among perine, exine and intine. But there is not constructive differentiation. Sporoderm construction have no obvious distinction among 8 species which are not alike on the evolutionary level. The evloutionary of mosses spore is not identical. They have cross characters.