黑河绿洲农业自然资源空间组合与资源潜力研究

A Study on Combination of Agricultural Resources and Natural Resources Potentialities in Heihe Oasis

着重计算分析了黑河流域的光合潜力、光温潜力和光温水土潜力的分布变化规律 .计算结果表明 ,光温潜力衰减明显 ,衰减最为明显的区域是上游祁连山区和下游额济纳三角洲地区 ,分别达 6 8%和 6 4 % ,尽管如此 ,目前实际的生产力远未达到农业自然生产潜力 .中游地区的高位冷凉型绿洲 (170 0～ 2 30 0 m)增产潜力最大 ,是最具有发展潜力的区域 .光、热、水、土资源的空间组合错位 ,限制了农业自然生产潜力的进一步发挥 .对作物气候适宜性的分异规律的认识有助于农作物的合理布局 ,为绿洲农业资源的优化配置和农业结构调整提供理论依据 .将不同种类的农作物安排在最适宜的种植区 ,高位冷凉绿洲区今后应以春小麦、马铃薯、胡麻、油菜、蚕豆等为主 ,逐步压缩中位绿洲春小麦种值面积 .中位绿洲 (110 0～ 140 0 m)及低位绿洲 (90 0～ 110 0 m)以玉米、谷子和瓜、果、蔬菜、棉花等经济作物为主 .大力发展节水灌溉技术 ,以期最大限度地发挥水、土、光、热资源潜力 .

Calculated results of photosynthetic, photosynthesis temperature and physical potential productivities in the Heihe Oasis indicate that the photosynthesis temperature potential productivity declines clearly, and the sharpest declination occurs in Sunan and Ejina, and reaches 68% and 64% respectively. Despite of all this, the actual capacities are far below the physical potential productivities, especially in the middle reaches. There is a high latent productive capacity in higher cool oasis, which is one of the regions that have great potentialities for development. The spatial combinations of light, heat, water and soil are mal positioned, in other words, light and heat resources potentialities in the oasis of middle and lower reaches can not be brought into play for lack of water resources. To adjust the agricultural structure and to adopt advanced techniques in saving water are effective measures for raising light and heat potentialities.