小浪底水库2000年运用情况分析

Analysis on Xiaolangdi Reservoir Operation in 2000

小浪底水库 2 0 0 0年入库水量、沙量分别为 16 4.5亿m3 和 3.75亿t ,属枯水枯沙年 ;相应库区淤积量为 3.77亿m3 ;水库以异重流输沙为主 ,坝前形成明显的浑水水库 ;干流为三角洲淤积形态 ,三角洲顶点距坝约 75km。支流口门淤积与干流同步发展 ,基本没有出现倒坡 ;干流横断面主要表现为平行抬高。 2 0 0 0年凌汛期 ,小浪底水库两次加大泄量 ,在下游河段气温比常年低 1.6℃的不利形势下 ,实现了凌汛期黄河下游未封河。 4～ 6月水库为工农业补水 11.46亿m3 ;在来水特枯的情况下 ,为避免下游断流起到了重要调节作用 ,为“引黄济津”应急输水顺利实施提供了有力保证。 2 0 0 0年小浪底电站累计发电 5 .5亿kW·h ,水库运用综合效益显著。建议今后应加强水情预报工作 ,并加强调水调沙运用过程中库区和下游河道的冲淤演变观测和分析 ,并及早开展异重流测验及河道塌岸观测。

The amounts of water and sediment in 2000 of Xiaolangdi Reservoir were 16.45 billion m 3 and 0.375 billion t respectively, being a year with low water and low sediment. The corresponding deposition amounts in reservoir region were 0.377 billion m 3; the reservoir with muddy water was obviously formed before the dam, taking sediment transport with density flow as main by reservoir; the distance between delta apex and dam was about 75 km, the main river belonged to delta deposition morphology. The inlet-door deposition in tributaries was simultaneously developed with main river, without adverse slope occurrence; the cross-section of the main flow was to rise parallel. In the ice period of 2000, there were two times enlarging discharges in Xiaolangdi Reservoir, unclosed river in the Lower Yellow River during ice period were realized under an unfavorable situation of temperature in the lower reaches lower 1.6 ℃ than usual. From April to June Xiaolangdi Reservoir supplied water of 1.146 billion m 3 for industry and agriculture; under the condition of lowest incoming water, it had played important regulation role in order to avoid no water flowing in the lower reaches, and provided forceful guarantee for carrying out “Diverting water from Yellow River to Tianjin” smoothly. Xiaolangdi power station generated 0.55 billion kW in 2000 accumulatively, the multiple benefits of reservoir operation were remarkable.