小簇麦新种质的品质、抗病性及分子细胞遗传学研究

Studies on the quality,disease resistance and molecular cytogenetics of wheat-Haynaldia villosa germplasm

对 32个小簇麦新物种、新类型材料的农艺性状及分子细胞遗传学进行了研究。结果表明 ,PMCMI,硬粒小麦簇毛麦 (H aynaldia villosa 2 n=14,VV)双二倍体 2 n=2 1 ,普通小麦簇毛麦双二倍体 2 n=2 8 ,异源附加系 2 n=2 2 和异源代换系 2 n=2 1 的细胞分别占 6 9.94% ,6 2 .88% ,5 1.5 3%和 82 .5 4% ;测交鉴定 ,2 n=14 +7 ,2 1 +7 ,2 1 +1 和 2 0 +2 的细胞分别占 82 .47% ,76 .2 5 % ,80 .2 6 %和 84.38% ;用簇毛麦DNA作探针进行原位杂交 ,双二倍体 (除 V85 4cd)中都有 14条簇毛麦染色体 ,它们的染色体组成分别为 2 n=42 =2 8W+14V和 2 n=5 6 =42 W+14V ,异附加系和异代换系中均有 2条簇毛麦染色体 ,他们的染色体组成分别为 2 n=44 =42 W+2 V和 2 n=42 =40 W+2 V ;12个材料蛋白质含量 15 0 g/ kg以上 ;2 5个材料抗条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病等两种以上病害。

The quality,disease resistance and molecular cytogenetics of 32 new species and types from wheatH.villosa(2n=14,VV) were studied.The results showed that the cells of 2n=21Ⅱfrom Triticum durum (2n=28,AABB)H.villosa amphidiploids,2n=28Ⅱfrom T.aestivum(2n=42,AABBDD)H.villosa amphidiploids,2n=21Ⅱ from addition lines and 2n=22Ⅱ from substitution lines were accounted to 69.94%,62.88%,51.53% and 82.54% respectively and after test cross identification,the percentages of 2n=14Ⅱ+7Ⅰ,21Ⅱ+7Ⅰ,21Ⅱ+1Ⅰand 20Ⅱ+2Ⅰ were 82.47%,75.25%,80.26% and 84.38%respectively in PMC at MI.The in situ hybridization using H.villosa genomic DNA as probe showed that amphidiploids possessed 14 chromosomes of H.villosa and their chromosome constitutions could be expressed as:2n=42=28W+14V and 2n=56=42W+14V,addition and substitution lines possessed 2 chromosomes of H.villosa and their chromosome constitution could be depicted 2n=44=42W+2V and 2n=42=40W+2V respectively.The protein content of 12 materials are over 150g/kg and 24 materials are resistant to over two diseases such as stripe rust,powdery mildew,leaf rust and snowmould.