陕北新修梯田地膜小麦优化施肥栽培模式研究

A study of optimum fertilization model for plastic-mulched wheat on newly built terrane land in North Shaanxi Province

采用田间正交旋转试验设计 ,于 1999年在延安市燕沟进行了小麦产量与氮肥 (N)、磷肥 (P2 O5)和有机肥 (M) 3因子 5水平的新修梯田地膜小麦试验。通过对试验结果数学建模及模型分析得出 ,本区影响产量的因子效应为 N >P≈ M,N肥产量效应约为磷肥、有机肥的 3倍 ,有机肥增产趋势在低肥力时最低 ,随着肥力水平提高 ,其增施肥料的增产能力增加 ,而氮肥、磷肥肥效均呈递减趋势 ,即肥效随施肥量增加而减小。还分析了本区小麦单位面积产量≥ 2 5 0 0 kg/ hm2 的优化施肥组合 ,筛选的施肥方案为 N 2 5 1.8～ 2 72 .5 kg/ hm2 ,P2 O510 8.9～136 .5 kg/ hm2 ,有机肥 12 80 0～ 16 40 0 kg/ hm2。均值依次为 2 6 1.1,12 5 .1和 146 0 0 kg/ hm2。

Field plastic-mulched wheat trials were conducted by using the regression design of orthogonal rotation in terrane land in Yanan City.By means of establishing mathematical models,this paper analysed inter-reaction between wheat yield and the fertilizer input rate (including:N,P 2O 5,manure).The analysis shows that N rate is more effective than that of P 2O 5 and M,that is three times of the latter two factors.In order to guide the plantation of wheat,the paper also recommended the input rate of the three sorts of fertilizers to ensure that unit wheat yield could surpass 2 500 kg/hm2.The recommended rate of fertilizers is that N:261.1 kg/hm2 ,ranges in 251.8~272.5 kg/hm2,P 2O 5:125.1 kg/hm2,ranges in 108.9~136.5 kg/hm2 and M:14 600 kg/hm2,12 800~16 400 kg/hm2.