西安盐渍土发生规律及其防治途径

Study on the Law of Saline Soil Occurrance and the Control Approach in Xi′an

通过定位、定期采集土壤样品分析 ,发现 0～ 2 0 0 cm土层盐分平均含量 1年中无明显变化 ,说明盐分离子主要在 0～ 2 0 0 cm土层内迁移、转化 ;土壤表层 (0～ 1 cm)盐分含量与蒸发量和降水量密切相关 ,蒸发量大 ,降水量小 ,土壤表层盐分含量就高 ,反之相反 ;作物受害区土壤剖面中 Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 、K+ 、SO4 2 - 、HCO3-含量与对照区无明显差异 ,而 Na+、Cl-、CO32 -含量明显高于对照区 ,说明土壤中 Na+、Cl-、CO32 -增高是导致农作物受害的主要原因 ;通过田间试验提出了施用有机肥、磷石膏。

The author pointed out that the average content of soil salt has not apparent change from 0 to 200 cm depth by analyzing the soil samples collected by location and fix term.Meanwhile,the result showed that the salt ions moved and transformed merely from 0 to 200 cm soil layer.Also the observed data indicated that the salt contents in soil surface layer(from 0 to 1 cm) had close relationship with the precipitation and evaporation,more evaporation and less rainfall could cause high salt content in soil surface layer, and the opposite condition had the opposite result.The contents of Ca 2+ ,Mg 2+ ,K +,SO 4 2- ,HCO 3 -,in soil profile in the region of plant suffered injury had little different with the comparison region,but the contents of Na +,Cl -,CO 3 2- are distinctly higher than the comparison region.This experiment results showed that the increasing contents of Na +,Cl -,CO 3 2- caused the field plant injured.Finally, several effective measures including using organic fertilizers, phosphor gypsum and washing salt by water for integrated preventing salt harm throuth the field experiment was put forward in the paper.