湖北省土家族育龄妇女婚姻生育状况调查

Investigation on Marriage and Fertility State of Women at the Reproductive Age of Tujia Nationality in Hubei Province

目的 :了解湖北省土家族育龄妇女的婚姻、生育状况。方法 :采用分层整群抽样抽取 5 0 2 2户 ,用统一的调查表入户调查育龄妇女 5 70 2人。结果 :1994年湖北省土家族育龄妇女的在婚 (初婚和再婚 )比为 79.6 6 % ,离婚分居比、未婚比、丧偶比分别为 0 .34%、19.17%和 0 .83%。 2 0岁以下育龄妇女的已婚比为 3.49% (宣恩、咸丰、来凤3县分别为 2 .79%、3 .2 1%和 4.5 5 % ) ,30岁及 30岁以上育龄妇女已婚比为 99.5 8%。土家族育龄妇女不同年代的平均初婚年龄有逐渐增大的趋势 ,其中 1993年 1月～ 1994年 7月育龄妇女平均初婚年龄为 2 2 .2 5岁。 1993年 8月～ 1994年 7月土家族育龄妇女的普通生育率为 8.84% ,标化生育率为 8.12 % ,总和生育率为 2 .2 2 %。来凤县标化生育率 (9.77% )高于宣恩 (7.44 % )和咸丰 (7.2 6 % ) (P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1)。 2 0岁以下育龄妇女的生育率为 1.36 % ,其中 ,来凤县达 2 .86 %。活产婴儿中 ,一孩比为 5 3.6 8% ,二孩及多孩比分别为 41.35 %和 4.97% ,来凤县多孩比(11.2 3% )高于宣恩 (1.95 % )和咸丰 (0 .6 2 % ) (P <0 .0 1) ,活产婴儿性别比 (男∶女 )为 12 8.1∶10 0。结论 :湖北省土家族育龄妇女婚姻较稳定 ,平均初婚年龄逐年推迟 ,生育率仍处于较高水平 。

Objective:To understand the marriage and fertility state of women at the reproductive age of Tujia nationality in Hubei Province, China.Methods:An interview survey of 5 072 women at the childbearing age from three counties selected by stratified sampling and random cluster sampling was performed. Results:In 1994,the proportion of married women at the childbearing age was 79.66%,the proportion of divorce and separation 0.34%,unmarried proportion 19.17% and the proportion of bereft was 0.83% and 3.49% out of women aged under 20 years were married(2.79% in Xuan en,3.21% in Xian feng;4.55% in Lai feng county).The married proportion was 61.31% in women aged 20～24,95.59% in those aged 25～29 and 99.58% in those aged 30 and over 30. The average age at first marriage was delayed year after year and it was 22.25 years during January,1993 and July,1994.The women's general and standardized fertility rate was 8.84% and 8.12% respectively during Auguest,1993 and July,1994.The total fertility rate was 2.22%. The standardized bearing rate in Lai feng county(9.77%)was higher than that in Xuan en county(7.44%)and that in Xian feng county (7.26%)(P<0.05 and P<0.01).The fertility rate of the women aged under 20 years was 1.36%(2.86% in Lai feng county). Of live birth,the proportions of children born firstly,secondly and later were 53.68%,41.35% and 4.97% respectively. The proportion of children born later in Laif eng county(11.23%) was higher than that in Xuan en county (1.95%) and that in Xian feng county (0.62%)(P<0.01).The sex ratio of live birth was 128.1∶100. Conclusion: The marriage state of women at the reproductive age of Tujia nationality is stable.The average marital age increases year after year, but the fertility rate is high and there are still early marriage,early gestation and multi delivery in some areas.