农村经济制度变迁与农业绩效

Transformation in Rural Economic Institution and Agricultural Progress

本文简要回顾和分析中国近 4 0年农村经济制度变迁与农业绩效的关系。基本结论是 ,市场化改革之前 ,农村没有高效率地利用农业资源 ;联产承包责任制改革之后 ,农业在较短时期里出现了恢复性的增长 ;市场深化过程中 ,农业结构发生调整 ,农业生产追寻比较优势 ,但 1 980年代中后期粮食生产徘徊不前 ,目前农业收入对农民收入地区差异贡献不大。

The paper reviews briefly the relationship between the transformation in rural economic institution and performance in China in the past four decades.The results are boiled down to the facts that(1)the agricultural resources were not allocated effciently before the market-oriented reform,(2)high agricultural growth was only obtained in the early 1980s because of the Household Responsibility System,and (3) under the process of market-oriented reform,agricultural structure changes significantly and comparative advantage works to some extent,but grain productivity stagnated between 1985-1990.