制度的数学模型与制度设计的两个基本准则

A Mathematical Model of Institution and Two Fundamental Principles for Institutional Design

本文根据制度的一般定义 ,建立了制度描述的一个数学模型 ,即制度可用行为集中的一条封闭曲线来描述。在此基础上 ,论述了制度边界的存在及其数学描述 ,根据对待制度边界的态度 ,区分了积极型和保守型两类经济系统。提出了制度设计和制度安排应遵循的两个基本准则 ,即制度应在行为集X中明确区分出可行集与不可行集、制度设计应尽量减小制度边界 ,使之趋近于零。

In this article, according to the general definition of the institution, a mathematical model for describing the institution is presented, i.e. the institution can be described by a closed curve in the feasibility set. On the basis, the existence of the institutional boundary is discussed in details. The mathematical description of the institutional boundary is proposed. By the attitude to the institutional boundary, the two types of progressive and conservative economic systems is distinguished from each other. At last, the two fundamental principles for the design and arrangement of the institution is presented, i.e. the institution should distinguish feasible sets and infeasible sets from each other; the institutional design should decrease the institutional boundary as least as possible, or tend to be zero.