医科大学生吸烟依赖性的流行病学研究

An Epidemiological Analysis of Cigarette Use and Addiction in Medical Students

目的 运用流行病学的理论与方法 ,从心理学、行为学方面分析医科大学生吸烟行为和依赖性的危险因素。方法 随机抽样调查了 90 0名合肥市的医科在校大学生。结果 医科大学生吸烟率为 1 4 .2 % ;医科大学生以浅度吸烟为主 ;1 7～ 1 9岁是医科大学生开始吸第 1支烟的主要年龄段 ;交际需要、解闷是医科大学生吸烟行为的主要心理因素 ;家庭因素、社会、学校因素与医科大学生吸烟的关系密切 ,其中室友吸烟行为所造成的共济压力是最为突出的危险因素 ;对吸烟依赖性形成的危险性指标的OR值由高到低前 3项分别为睡醒后5min会吸第 1支烟 ,把吸烟当作日常生活中优先考虑的事 ,经常担心身边供吸的烟不够。结论 医科大学生吸烟依赖性尚低 ,醒后急切想吸烟及把吸烟当作日常生活中优先考虑的事可作为吸烟依赖性的主要判断指标。改善医科大学生的交际环境 ,丰富课余生活 ;加强素质教育 ,可望改善医科大学生吸烟行为及依赖性。

Objective To analyze the risk factors for cigarette use and addiction among medical students in terms of psychology and behavioral science by using epidemiological theory and methods. Methods A random sample of 900 medical students was surveyed in Hefei. Results Among medical students surveyed, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was 14.2%, most medical student smokers were superficial degree cigarette users, they smoked their first cigarette at age 17～19 years. The major psychological factor associated with cigarette smoking were demand for communication, diverting themselves from boredom. Family, society and school-related factors were germane to smoking behaviors of medical students, in which, peer pressures was most important. According to calculated odds ratios, three major predictors of smoking dependence of medical students were, in turn, desiring to smoke within 5 minutes they woke, cigarette smoking being necessary of their life, and worrying about a deficiency of cigarettes. Conclusions Smoking dependence of medical students is limited, desiring to smoke after waking and cigarette smoking being necessary of their life are major predictors of smoking dependence of medical students. Decreases in smoking behaviors and dependence of medical students could occur with improvement in communication circumstances and their life after school, and reinforcement of character education.