论巴门尼德的“存在”

On the Concept of Being of Parmenides

从“存在”概念的基本语义可以看出 ,“存在”和“不存在”并非单纯的“有”和“没有” ,而是在根本上和判断的“真”与“假”联系在一起的 ,并进一步与可思议和不可思议的思维状态联系在一起。巴门尼德是在真与假的意义上来论述以“存在”为标志的“真理之路”和以“不存在”为标志的“谬误之路”的。在他看来 ,“存在”是对对象之本质真理的断定 ,“不存在”则是相应的否定 ,思维与存在在根本上是同一的。据此可以认为 ,巴门尼德的“存在论”即是真理论 ,残篇 8中对所谓“存在”的四个标志的陈述 。

Being' is a puzzling concept of Parmenides. Based on analysis of the basic meaning of being, the thesis argues that being or non being is not simply 'there to be' or 'there not to be', but is essentially concerned with truth and falsity of judgement, and further connected with conceivability and inconceivability of thinking. Hence, this thesis profoundly expounds fragment 2, 3, and 8, in which Parmenides emphatically discussed the concept of being, and points out that it is according to truth and falsity that Parmenides discussed the true way signaled by being and the false way signaled by non being. Being affirms the truth of the essence of the object, and non being accordingly denies it, so thought and being is essentially the same. On this basis, the thesis argues that ontology is the truth theory and the account of the so called four signs of 'being' in fragment 8 is actually a depict of the essential signs of truth, which defines truth in terms of its universality in time and space respectively.