社区地理学的历史·现状及未来

History,present situation and future of community geography

文章对社区地理学发展的历史进行了回顾 ,阐述了社区地理学研究的现状 ,对未来的社区地理学进行了展望。指出在 2 1世纪 ,社区地理学有 1 2个热点课题 ,即 :( 1 )社区发展合作组织 ;( 2 )社区发展 ;( 3)社区环境 ;( 4 )社区规划 ;( 5 )社区管理 ;( 6 )农村社区城市化 ;( 7)城市社区病态 ;( 8)社区贫困 ;( 9)社区经济 ;( 1 0 )社区文化 ;( 1 1 )精神社区 ;( 1 2 )虚拟社区。从未来社区地理学研究的热点课题看 ,2 1世纪将是社区地理学的大发展时代。

This paper briefly relates the history of community geograpyh. Before 1900 the community porerty was the main research topic for sociologists and social geographyers. Since 20th century the study of community geography has been popularly and widely taken up by the researchers concerned. Before 20s, the study sphere of community geography mainly focused on the commercial functions of country community organizations. During 20s to 30s of the century, the community geography extended its study sphere to the open space of city community environment. During 40s the new contents were added to the study sphere as follows: ⑴bringing up that complex system of community location was made of 4 elements(POET): Population, organizations, environment and technology; ⑵widening the study sphere of community actions. During 60s, the study sphere extended to the community development and community programmes. During 70s, the main study sphere was community correction. In the 80s the study spheres were community population, community service, community participation, community structure system and so on. Get into the 90s, sustainable development of community was a study subject of community geography. The article sets forth present situation of community geography, points out that there will be 12 hot spots for the study of community geography in the 21st century. They are: (1)community development cooperative organization; (2)community development; (3)community environment; (4)community programme; (5)community management; (6)the citification of country; (7)social ill state of community; (8)community poverty; (9)the community economy; (10)community culture; (11)spiritual community; (12)the subjunctive community. Its development is observed by the hot spots for the study of community geograhpy the 21st century must be a time of rapid development of community geography.