施氮水平对高产小麦蔗糖含量和光合产物分配及籽粒淀粉积累的影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Changes of Sucrose Content in Leaf, Culm, Grain and Photosynthate Distribution and Grain Starch Accumulation of Winter Wheat

与 2 10kg/ha施氮量处理相比 ,2 70和 330kg/ha处理明显提高了具 90 0 0kg/ha产量潜力的鲁麦 2 2旗叶和茎蔗糖含量及旗叶蔗糖合成能力。 2 70kg/ha施氮量处理开花前和开花后营养器官中贮存光合产物量 (14 C放射性活度 )明显高于 2 10kg/ha处理 ,但处理间贮存光合产物的输出率无差异 ;开花后 2 0d ,高氮处理植株即时光合产物 (生产后直接输送至籽粒的光合产物 )比例小于低氮处理 ,而临时贮存光合产物 (先贮存于营养器官 ,在灌浆中后期再输出到籽粒的光合产物 )的比例大于低氮处理。提高施氮量促进鲁麦 2 2籽粒中蔗糖含量上升 ,淀粉积累量增大 ,产量明显提高。研究表明 。

In pool culture, effects of different nitrogen application levels on of sucrose content in leaf, culm and grain of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Lumai 22 was studied. Compared with the treatment of 210 kg/ha nitrogen, treatments of 270～330 kg/ha nitrogen significantly increased sucrose content in flag leaf and culms of Lumai 22, a variety with a yield potential of 9000 kg/ha. The treatment of 270 kg/ha nitrogen stored more 14 C photosynthate produced before and after anthesis than that of 210 kg/ha nitrogen. But the output of stored photosynthate appeared no difference between these two treatments. The percentage of current photosynthate which directly translocated to the grain at 20 days after anthesis is lower in higher nitrogen treament than that of lower nitrogen treatment. The percentage of current photosynthate in the higher nitrogen treatment plant temporally stored in the vegetable organs increased accordingly. The sucrose content in grain of Lumai 22 increased, and starch accumulation enhanced when more nitrogen applied. The yield of higher nitrogen treatment was also higher than the lower nitrogen treatment. The result indicated that the supply of current photosynthate produced by photosynthesizing organs and temporally stored photosynthate in vegetable organs correlated closely to grain starch synthesis of wheat.